Important topics and their relevance in Upsc CSE exam for September 16, 2026. If you missed the September 15, 2026 UPSC CSE exam key from the Indian Express, read it here Merchants to pay 0.4% fee on UPI payments over Rs 2,000 Preliminary Examination: Economic and Social Development • General Studies II: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. • General Studies III: Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization, of resources, growth, development and employment. What’s the ongoing story: UPI TRANSACTIONS over Rs 2,000 will attract a fee of 0.4 per cent from October 15, and this will be paid by merchants, the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) said Tuesday. For instance, a merchant will pay Rs 40 when it receives Rs 10,000 via UPI. • How Unified Payments Interface (UPI) works? • ‘Unified Payments Interface (UPI) transactions are divided into Person-to-Person (P2P) and Person-to-Merchant (P2M) categories’—What Is P2P and P2M? • What is Merchant Discount Rate (MDR)? • Who ultimately bears the cost of a digital payment transaction? • Why was MDR removed from UPI transactions in 2020? • Why has the government been subsidising low-value UPI transactions? • How does MDR affect merchants, banks, payment service providers and fintech companies? • Why are transactions above Rs 2,000 significant despite constituting only a small share of transaction volume? • Can charging merchants improve the long-term sustainability of India’s digital-payment ecosystem?
